{"data":{"schemaVersion":"realm.mine-profile.v1","generatedAt":"2026-10-13T11:26:59.401Z","identity":{"mine_id":"2902510","name":"Buffalo Sand","status":"Abandoned","status_date":"2024-09-09","mine_type":"Surface","coal_metal":"M","commodity":"Sand, Industrial NEC","state":"NM","county":"Curry","nearest_town":"Melrose","operator_id":"0164413","operator_name":"Buffalo Sand LP","controller_id":"0148701","controller_name":"Perry  Allred; Leon  Scarlet","district":"M5","office":"Albuquerque NM Field Office","employees":0,"latitude":34.369444,"longitude":-103.218611},"coverage":{"contributingSources":9,"registeredSources":20,"sourceRows":31},"relationships":{"schemaVersion":"realm.temporal-relationships.v1","temporalSemantics":{"validTime":{"granularity":"date","bounds":"inclusive","nullStart":"start date not published in the upstream history row","nullEnd":"open-ended in the upstream history row; not independent proof of present control"},"transactionTime":{"observedAt":"2026-10-13T11:19:05.459773+00:00","meaning":"time the checksum-addressed MDRS artifacts were observed by the PostgreSQL ingestion"},"derivation":{"controllerControlsOperator":"intersection of controller and operator valid-time intervals evidenced through this mine","currentIdentity":"current controller and operator are asserted only by the MDRS Mines snapshot"}},"current":{"mine":{"type":"mine","id":"2902510","name":"Buffalo Sand"},"operator":{"type":"operator","id":"0164413","name":"Buffalo Sand LP"},"controller":{"type":"controller","id":"0148701","name":"Perry  Allred; Leon  Scarlet"},"source":{"datasetId":"msha-mines","observedAt":"2026-10-13T11:19:05.459773+00:00"}},"edges":[{"type":"operator_operates_mine","subject":{"type":"operator","id":"0164413","name":"Buffalo Sand LP"},"object":{"type":"mine","id":"2902510","name":"Buffalo Sand"},"validFrom":"2019-06-14","validTo":null,"current":true,"derived":false,"source":{"datasetId":"msha-controller-operator-history","observedAt":"2026-10-13T11:19:05.459773+00:00","recordKey":"2902510|0164413|2019-06-14|"}},{"type":"controller_controls_mine","subject":{"type":"controller","id":"0148701","name":"Perry  Allred et al"},"object":{"type":"mine","id":"2902510","name":"Buffalo Sand"},"validFrom":"2019-06-14","validTo":null,"current":true,"derived":false,"source":{"datasetId":"msha-controller-operator-history","observedAt":"2026-10-13T11:19:05.459773+00:00","recordKey":"2902510|0148701|2019-06-14|"}},{"type":"controller_controls_operator","subject":{"type":"controller","id":"0148701","name":"Perry  Allred et al"},"object":{"type":"operator","id":"0164413","name":"Buffalo Sand LP"},"validFrom":"2019-06-14","validTo":null,"current":true,"derived":true,"evidenceMineId":"2902510","intervalAnomaly":false,"source":{"datasetId":"msha-controller-operator-history","observedAt":"2026-10-13T11:19:05.459773+00:00","recordKey":"2902510|0164413|2019-06-14|0148701|2019-06-14|30418"}},{"type":"controller_controls_operator","subject":{"type":"controller","id":"0148701","name":"Leon  Scarlet et al"},"object":{"type":"operator","id":"0164413","name":"Buffalo Sand LP"},"validFrom":"2019-06-14","validTo":null,"current":true,"derived":true,"evidenceMineId":"2902510","intervalAnomaly":false,"source":{"datasetId":"msha-controller-operator-history","observedAt":"2026-10-13T11:19:05.459773+00:00","recordKey":"2902510|0164413|2019-06-14|0148701|2019-06-14|30419"}}],"coverage":{"historyRecords":2,"edgeCount":4,"intervalAnomalies":0,"sourceDatasetId":"msha-controller-operator-history"}},"sources":[{"id":"msha-addresses","name":"Addresses of Record","domains":["identity","logistics"],"products":["entity resolution","address history","facility geocoding"],"rowCount":1,"firstDate":"2024-09-09","lastDate":"2024-09-09","metrics":{},"periods":{},"recentRecords":[]},{"id":"msha-assessed-violations","name":"Assessed Violations","domains":["compliance","legal"],"products":["penalty lifecycle","paid and outstanding amounts","assessment aging"],"rowCount":5,"firstDate":"2019-11-07","lastDate":"2019-11-12","metrics":{"ss":1,"delinquent":5,"recentRows":0,"paidPenalty":616,"proposedPenalty":616,"currentAssessment":616},"periods":{},"recentRecords":[{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"2541563","VIOLATION_NO":"9510852","ISSUE_DT":"11/12/2019","CFR_STANDARD_CD":"56.4101","SIG_SUB_IND":"N","CITATION_TYPE_CD":"Citation","PROPOSED_PENALTY_AMT":"121.00","CURRENT_ASSESSMENT_AMT":"121.00","ASSESS_CASE_STATUS_CD":"Closed","sourceDate":"2019-11-12"},{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"2541562","VIOLATION_NO":"9510851","ISSUE_DT":"11/07/2019","CFR_STANDARD_CD":"56.11012","SIG_SUB_IND":"N","CITATION_TYPE_CD":"Citation","PROPOSED_PENALTY_AMT":"121.00","CURRENT_ASSESSMENT_AMT":"121.00","ASSESS_CASE_STATUS_CD":"Closed","sourceDate":"2019-11-07"},{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"2541561","VIOLATION_NO":"9510850","ISSUE_DT":"11/07/2019","CFR_STANDARD_CD":"56.16006","SIG_SUB_IND":"N","CITATION_TYPE_CD":"Citation","PROPOSED_PENALTY_AMT":"121.00","CURRENT_ASSESSMENT_AMT":"121.00","ASSESS_CASE_STATUS_CD":"Closed","sourceDate":"2019-11-07"},{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"2541560","VIOLATION_NO":"9510849","ISSUE_DT":"11/07/2019","CFR_STANDARD_CD":"56.14112(b)","SIG_SUB_IND":"Y","CITATION_TYPE_CD":"Citation","PROPOSED_PENALTY_AMT":"132.00","CURRENT_ASSESSMENT_AMT":"132.00","ASSESS_CASE_STATUS_CD":"Closed","sourceDate":"2019-11-07"},{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"2541559","VIOLATION_NO":"9510848","ISSUE_DT":"11/07/2019","CFR_STANDARD_CD":"56.12018","SIG_SUB_IND":"N","CITATION_TYPE_CD":"Citation","PROPOSED_PENALTY_AMT":"121.00","CURRENT_ASSESSMENT_AMT":"121.00","ASSESS_CASE_STATUS_CD":"Closed","sourceDate":"2019-11-07"}]},{"id":"msha-controller-operator-history","name":"Controller and Operator History","domains":["identity","compliance"],"products":["historical ownership attribution","operator transitions","valid-time joins"],"rowCount":2,"firstDate":"2019-06-14","lastDate":"2019-06-14","metrics":{"recentRows":0,"currentOperatorTenures":2,"completedOperatorTenures":0},"periods":{},"recentRecords":[]},{"id":"msha-inspections","name":"Inspections","domains":["safety","compliance"],"products":["inspection mix","on-site hours","event context","citation rate denominator"],"rowCount":4,"firstDate":"2019-11-07","lastDate":"2023-09-11","metrics":{"inspectors":3,"recentRows":3,"onSiteHours":21,"inspectionHours":49.5,"inspectionSamples":0},"periods":{},"recentRecords":[{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"1001687","EVENT_NO":"6937010","INSPECTION_BEGIN_DT":"09/11/2023","INSPECTION_END_DT":"09/13/2023","ACTIVITY_CODE":"E28","ACTIVITY":"Mine Idle Activity","NBR_INSPECTOR":"0","SUM_TOTAL_INSP_HOURS":"0","SUM_TOTAL_ON_SITE_HOURS":"0","sourceDate":"2023-09-11"},{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"315676","EVENT_NO":"6931722","INSPECTION_BEGIN_DT":"09/12/2022","INSPECTION_END_DT":"09/12/2022","ACTIVITY_CODE":"E28","ACTIVITY":"Mine Idle Activity","NBR_INSPECTOR":"1","SUM_TOTAL_INSP_HOURS":"6","SUM_TOTAL_ON_SITE_HOURS":"1","sourceDate":"2022-09-12"},{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"835494","EVENT_NO":"6886079","INSPECTION_BEGIN_DT":"09/14/2021","INSPECTION_END_DT":"09/14/2021","ACTIVITY_CODE":"E28","ACTIVITY":"Mine Idle Activity","NBR_INSPECTOR":"1","SUM_TOTAL_INSP_HOURS":"1.5","SUM_TOTAL_ON_SITE_HOURS":"0","sourceDate":"2021-09-14"},{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"1113377","EVENT_NO":"6808382","INSPECTION_BEGIN_DT":"11/07/2019","INSPECTION_END_DT":"11/14/2019","ACTIVITY_CODE":"E01","ACTIVITY":"Regular Safety and Health Inspection","NBR_INSPECTOR":"1","SUM_TOTAL_INSP_HOURS":"42","SUM_TOTAL_ON_SITE_HOURS":"20","sourceDate":"2019-11-07"}]},{"id":"msha-mine-production-quarterly","name":"Mine Employment and Production — Quarterly","domains":["production","safety","compliance"],"products":["production trend","employee hours","rate denominators","seasonality"],"rowCount":4,"firstDate":null,"lastDate":null,"metrics":{},"periods":{"2020-Q1":{"hours":2143,"employees":24,"production":0},"2019-Q4":{"hours":7264,"employees":16,"production":0}},"recentRecords":[]},{"id":"msha-mine-production-yearly","name":"Mine Employment and Production — Yearly","domains":["production","safety","compliance"],"products":["annual trend","backfill","quarterly reconciliation"],"rowCount":4,"firstDate":null,"lastDate":null,"metrics":{},"periods":{"2019":{"hours":7264,"employees":16,"production":0},"2020":{"hours":2143,"employees":24,"production":0}},"recentRecords":[]},{"id":"msha-mines","name":"Mines","domains":["identity","production","logistics"],"products":["mine identity","status","commodity","location","operator and controller"],"rowCount":1,"firstDate":null,"lastDate":null,"metrics":{},"periods":{},"recentRecords":[]},{"id":"msha-personal-health-samples","name":"Metal and Nonmetal Personal Health Samples","domains":["health","safety"],"products":["personal exposure trend","occupation patterns","analyte coverage"],"rowCount":5,"firstDate":"2019-11-13","lastDate":"2019-11-13","metrics":{"recentRows":0,"actionTaken":5,"maxExposureRatio":0.88,"overExposureLimit":0,"exposureRatioTotal":1.73},"periods":{},"recentRecords":[{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"235783","EVENT_NO":"6808382","SAMPLE_NO":"000000201906529700","SAMPLE_DATE":"11/13/2019","CONTAMINANT_DESC":"Quartz, respirable, >1% Qtz","CONCENTRATION":"0000.46","EXPOSURE_LIMIT":"0000.54","C_OVER_E":"00.85","JOB_CD_DESC":"Laborer, Bullgang","ACTION_TAKEN_DESC":"NO ACTION","sourceDate":"2019-11-13"},{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"235782","EVENT_NO":"6808382","SAMPLE_NO":"000000201906529600","SAMPLE_DATE":"11/13/2019","CONTAMINANT_DESC":"Respirable dust, <.1mg","CONCENTRATION":"0000.00","EXPOSURE_LIMIT":"0000.00","C_OVER_E":"00.00","JOB_CD_DESC":"Front-end Loader Operator","ACTION_TAKEN_DESC":"NO ACTION","sourceDate":"2019-11-13"},{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"235781","EVENT_NO":"6808382","SAMPLE_NO":"000000201906529500","SAMPLE_DATE":"11/13/2019","CONTAMINANT_DESC":"Quartz, respirable, >1% Qtz","CONCENTRATION":"0000.61","EXPOSURE_LIMIT":"0000.69","C_OVER_E":"00.88","JOB_CD_DESC":"Laborer, Bullgang","ACTION_TAKEN_DESC":"NO ACTION","sourceDate":"2019-11-13"},{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"235780","EVENT_NO":"6808382","SAMPLE_NO":"000000201906529400","SAMPLE_DATE":"11/13/2019","CONTAMINANT_DESC":"Respirable dust, <.1mg","CONCENTRATION":"0000.00","EXPOSURE_LIMIT":"0000.00","C_OVER_E":"00.00","JOB_CD_DESC":"Bulldozer Operator","ACTION_TAKEN_DESC":"NO ACTION","sourceDate":"2019-11-13"},{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"235779","EVENT_NO":"6808382","SAMPLE_NO":"000000201906529300","SAMPLE_DATE":"11/13/2019","CONTAMINANT_DESC":"Respirable dust, <.1mg","CONCENTRATION":"0000.00","EXPOSURE_LIMIT":"0000.00","C_OVER_E":"00.00","JOB_CD_DESC":"Truck Driver","ACTION_TAKEN_DESC":"NO ACTION","sourceDate":"2019-11-13"}]},{"id":"msha-violations","name":"Violations","domains":["compliance","safety","legal"],"products":["citation and order record","condition text","Title 30 linkage","abatement patterns"],"rowCount":5,"firstDate":"2019-11-07","lastDate":"2019-11-12","metrics":{"ss":1,"amountDue":616,"contested":0,"amountPaid":616,"recentRows":0,"section104d":0,"unterminated":0,"proposedPenalty":616},"periods":{},"recentRecords":[{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"1622904","VIOLATION_NO":"9510852","VIOLATION_ISSUE_DT":"11/12/2019","SIG_SUB":"N","PART_SECTION":"56.4101","CIT_ORD_SAFE":"Citation","LIKELIHOOD":"Unlikely","INJ_ILLNESS":"LostDays","NO_AFFECTED":"1","NEGLIGENCE":"ModNegligence","TERMINATION_DT":"11/12/2019","PROPOSED_PENALTY":"121","AMOUNT_DUE":"121","AMOUNT_PAID":"121","CONTESTED_IND":"N","sourceDate":"2019-11-12"},{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"1622903","VIOLATION_NO":"9510851","VIOLATION_ISSUE_DT":"11/07/2019","SIG_SUB":"N","PART_SECTION":"56.11012","CIT_ORD_SAFE":"Citation","LIKELIHOOD":"Unlikely","INJ_ILLNESS":"Permanent","NO_AFFECTED":"1","NEGLIGENCE":"ModNegligence","TERMINATION_DT":"11/07/2019","PROPOSED_PENALTY":"121","AMOUNT_DUE":"121","AMOUNT_PAID":"121","CONTESTED_IND":"N","sourceDate":"2019-11-07"},{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"1622902","VIOLATION_NO":"9510850","VIOLATION_ISSUE_DT":"11/07/2019","SIG_SUB":"N","PART_SECTION":"56.16006","CIT_ORD_SAFE":"Citation","LIKELIHOOD":"Unlikely","INJ_ILLNESS":"Permanent","NO_AFFECTED":"1","NEGLIGENCE":"ModNegligence","TERMINATION_DT":"11/07/2019","PROPOSED_PENALTY":"121","AMOUNT_DUE":"121","AMOUNT_PAID":"121","CONTESTED_IND":"N","sourceDate":"2019-11-07"},{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"1622901","VIOLATION_NO":"9510849","VIOLATION_ISSUE_DT":"11/07/2019","SIG_SUB":"Y","PART_SECTION":"56.14112(b)","CIT_ORD_SAFE":"Citation","LIKELIHOOD":"Reasonably","INJ_ILLNESS":"Permanent","NO_AFFECTED":"1","NEGLIGENCE":"ModNegligence","TERMINATION_DT":"11/07/2019","PROPOSED_PENALTY":"132","AMOUNT_DUE":"132","AMOUNT_PAID":"132","CONTESTED_IND":"N","sourceDate":"2019-11-07"},{"SOURCE_ROW_NUMBER":"1622900","VIOLATION_NO":"9510848","VIOLATION_ISSUE_DT":"11/07/2019","SIG_SUB":"N","PART_SECTION":"56.12018","CIT_ORD_SAFE":"Citation","LIKELIHOOD":"Unlikely","INJ_ILLNESS":"LostDays","NO_AFFECTED":"1","NEGLIGENCE":"ModNegligence","TERMINATION_DT":"11/07/2019","PROPOSED_PENALTY":"121","AMOUNT_DUE":"121","AMOUNT_PAID":"121","CONTESTED_IND":"N","sourceDate":"2019-11-07"}]}],"safety":{"href":"/api/v1/mines/2902510/safety","description":"Full-period safety series, top CFR sections and paginated activity. Requires PostgreSQL."},"silica":{"href":"/api/v1/mines/2902510/silica","description":"Dedicated silica records, measurements, sample status and trends. Defaults to the snapshot year; use year=all for history."},"externalContext":{"eia":null,"title30":{"snapshot":{"chapterCount":6,"featuredSectionCount":100,"latestAmendedOn":"2026-08-14","latestIssueDate":"2026-08-14","partCount":206,"sectionCount":5954,"upToDateAsOf":"2026-08-19"},"regulations":[{"chapter":"I","heading":"Warning signs.","officialUrl":"https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-30/chapter-I/subchapter-K/part-56/subpart-C/section-56.4101","part":"56","subchapter":"K","subpart":"C","id":"56.4101","citation":"30 CFR 56.4101","chapterHeading":"CHAPTER I—MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR","subchapterHeading":"SUBCHAPTER K—METAL AND NONMETAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH","partHeading":"PART 56—SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS—SURFACE METAL AND NONMETAL MINES","subpartHeading":"","text":null,"occurrenceCount":1},{"chapter":"I","heading":"Protection for openings around travelways.","officialUrl":"https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-30/chapter-I/subchapter-K/part-56/subpart-J/section-56.11012","part":"56","subchapter":"K","subpart":"J","id":"56.11012","citation":"30 CFR 56.11012","chapterHeading":"CHAPTER I—MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR","subchapterHeading":"SUBCHAPTER K—METAL AND NONMETAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH","partHeading":"PART 56—SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS—SURFACE METAL AND NONMETAL MINES","subpartHeading":"","text":null,"occurrenceCount":1},{"chapter":"I","heading":"Protection of gas cylinder valves.","officialUrl":"https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-30/chapter-I/subchapter-K/part-56/subpart-O/section-56.16006","part":"56","subchapter":"K","subpart":"O","id":"56.16006","citation":"30 CFR 56.16006","chapterHeading":"CHAPTER I—MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR","subchapterHeading":"SUBCHAPTER K—METAL AND NONMETAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH","partHeading":"PART 56—SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS—SURFACE METAL AND NONMETAL MINES","subpartHeading":"","text":null,"occurrenceCount":1},{"chapter":"I","heading":"Construction and maintenance of guards.","officialUrl":"https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-30/chapter-I/subchapter-K/part-56/subpart-M/section-56.14112","part":"56","subchapter":"K","subpart":"M","id":"56.14112","citation":"30 CFR 56.14112","chapterHeading":"CHAPTER I—MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR","subchapterHeading":"SUBCHAPTER K—METAL AND NONMETAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH","partHeading":"PART 56—SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS—SURFACE METAL AND NONMETAL MINES","subpartHeading":"","text":null,"occurrenceCount":1},{"chapter":"I","heading":"Identification of power switches.","officialUrl":"https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-30/chapter-I/subchapter-K/part-56/subpart-K/section-56.12018","part":"56","subchapter":"K","subpart":"K","id":"56.12018","citation":"30 CFR 56.12018","chapterHeading":"CHAPTER I—MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR","subchapterHeading":"SUBCHAPTER K—METAL AND NONMETAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH","partHeading":"PART 56—SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS—SURFACE METAL AND NONMETAL MINES","subpartHeading":"","text":null,"occurrenceCount":1}],"fullCorpus":"/data/title30-sections.json"}}},"meta":{"representation":"json","mineId":"2902510","dataSource":"postgres","snapshotId":"2026-10-13T11:19:05.459773+00:00","completedAt":"2026-10-13T11:26:59.401Z","sourceCount":20,"totalRows":17906804}}