# Relationship history for MSHA mine 2800981

Current hierarchy: **Nicholas P  Pappas → United Sand & Aggregate Inc → United Sand & Aggregate Incorporated**

- Valid-time bounds: inclusive, date granularity
- Null end: open-ended in the upstream history row; not independent proof of present control
- Transaction-time observation: 2026-10-13T11:19:05.459773+00:00

## Valid-time edges

- **controller_controls_mine:** Nicholas P  Pappas → United Sand & Aggregate Incorporated; 1979-03-16 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** United Sand & Aggregate Inc → United Sand & Aggregate Incorporated; 1986-09-01 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Nicholas P  Pappas → United Sand & Aggregate Inc; 1986-09-01 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history