# Relationship history for MSHA mine 2501243

Current hierarchy: **Preferred Intermediate Holding Company, LLC → Preferred Proppants LLC. → Preferred Sands of Genoa**

- Valid-time bounds: inclusive, date granularity
- Null end: open-ended in the upstream history row; not independent proof of present control
- Transaction-time observation: 2026-10-17T05:35:58.500035+00:00

## Valid-time edges

- **operator_operates_mine:** Preferred Sands of Genoa LLC → Preferred Sands of Genoa; 2008-04-23 to 2015-07-13; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Mike  O'Neill et al → Preferred Sands of Genoa; 2008-04-23 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Mike  O'Neill et al → Preferred Sands of Genoa LLC; 2008-04-23 to 2015-07-13; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Preferred Proppants LLC. → Preferred Sands of Genoa; 2015-07-14 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Preferred Intermediate Holding Company, LLC → Preferred Sands of Genoa; 2015-07-14 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Preferred Intermediate Holding Company, LLC → Preferred Proppants LLC.; 2015-07-14 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history