# Relationship history for MSHA mine 2500869

Current hierarchy: **Philip Werner Jr Estate; David  Werner; Philip  Boyd → Bladen Sand & Gravel Inc → Cowles Pit No 2**

- Valid-time bounds: inclusive, date granularity
- Null end: open-ended in the upstream history row; not independent proof of present control
- Transaction-time observation: 2026-10-13T11:19:05.459773+00:00

## Valid-time edges

- **operator_operates_mine:** Bladen Sand & Gravel Inc → Cowles Pit No 2; 1950-01-01 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Philip  Boyd → Cowles Pit No 2; 1950-01-01 to 2018-03-31; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Philip  Boyd → Bladen Sand & Gravel Inc; 1950-01-01 to 2018-03-31; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Philip F  Werner Jr et al → Cowles Pit No 2; 2018-04-01 to 2024-05-01; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Philip F  Werner Jr et al → Bladen Sand & Gravel Inc; 2018-04-01 to 2024-05-01; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** David  Werner et al → Cowles Pit No 2; 2024-05-02 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** David  Werner et al → Bladen Sand & Gravel Inc; 2024-05-02 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Philip  Boyd et al → Bladen Sand & Gravel Inc; 2024-05-02 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Philip Werner Jr Estate et al → Bladen Sand & Gravel Inc; 2024-05-02 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history