# Relationship history for MSHA mine 2402398

Current hierarchy: **David A  Ruff → David Ruff → Rock Bottom #1**

- Valid-time bounds: inclusive, date granularity
- Null end: open-ended in the upstream history row; not independent proof of present control
- Transaction-time observation: 2026-10-13T11:19:05.459773+00:00

## Valid-time edges

- **operator_operates_mine:** David Ruff → Rock Bottom #1; 2005-03-30 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** David A  Ruff → Rock Bottom #1; 2005-03-30 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** David A  Ruff → David Ruff; 2005-03-30 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history