# Relationship history for MSHA mine 2400220

Current hierarchy: **Espey William → Billern Corp → Rumley Mine**

- Valid-time bounds: inclusive, date granularity
- Null end: open-ended in the upstream history row; not independent proof of present control
- Transaction-time observation: 2026-10-13T11:19:05.459773+00:00

## Valid-time edges

- **operator_operates_mine:** Harold Giulio → Rumley Mine; 1950-01-01 to 1982-09-01; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Giulio Harold → Rumley Mine; 1950-01-01 to 1982-09-01; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Giulio Harold → Harold Giulio; 1950-01-01 to 1982-09-01; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Espey William → Rumley Mine; 1982-07-06 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Billern Corp → Rumley Mine; 1982-09-02 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Espey William → Billern Corp; 1982-09-02 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history