# Relationship history for MSHA mine 2103446

Current hierarchy: **Joel A  Jacoby → Pine Bend Paving, Inc. → PBP-1**

- Valid-time bounds: inclusive, date granularity
- Null end: open-ended in the upstream history row; not independent proof of present control
- Transaction-time observation: 2026-10-13T11:19:05.459773+00:00

## Valid-time edges

- **operator_operates_mine:** Pine Bend Paving, Inc. → PBP-1; 2004-06-21 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Joel A  Jacoby → PBP-1; 2004-06-21 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Joel A  Jacoby → Pine Bend Paving, Inc.; 2004-06-21 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history