# Relationship history for MSHA mine 1517718

Current hierarchy: **Energy Coal Resources Inc → Appalachian Fuels, LLC → K-3 Surface Mine**

- Valid-time bounds: inclusive, date granularity
- Null end: open-ended in the upstream history row; not independent proof of present control
- Transaction-time observation: 2026-10-13T11:19:05.459773+00:00

## Valid-time edges

- **controller_controls_mine:** Lewis Mike → K-3 Surface Mine; 1987-04-22 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Hi-Energy Inc → K-3 Surface Mine; 1995-10-01 to 2002-06-02; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Lewis Mike → Hi-Energy Inc; 1995-10-01 to 2002-06-02; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** John C  Smith Jr → K-3 Surface Mine; 2001-03-19 to 2006-01-16; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Appalachian Fuels, LLC → K-3 Surface Mine; 2002-06-03 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** John C  Smith Jr → Appalachian Fuels, LLC; 2002-06-03 to 2006-01-16; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Energy Coal Resources Inc → K-3 Surface Mine; 2006-01-17 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Energy Coal Resources Inc → Appalachian Fuels, LLC; 2006-01-17 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history