# Relationship history for MSHA mine 1515448

Current hierarchy: **Pennington John → Hubbs Creek Coal Company → Hubbs Creek #4**

- Valid-time bounds: inclusive, date granularity
- Null end: open-ended in the upstream history row; not independent proof of present control
- Transaction-time observation: 2026-10-13T11:19:05.459773+00:00

## Valid-time edges

- **controller_controls_mine:** Pennington John Et Al → Hubbs Creek #4; 1982-09-01 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Hubbs Creek Coal Company → Hubbs Creek #4; 1985-11-01 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Pennington John Et Al → Hubbs Creek Coal Company; 1985-11-01 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history