# Relationship history for MSHA mine 1510031

Current hierarchy: **Ingram Otto → Empress Coal Company Inc → No 1 Surface**

- Valid-time bounds: inclusive, date granularity
- Null end: open-ended in the upstream history row; not independent proof of present control
- Transaction-time observation: 2026-10-13T11:19:05.459773+00:00

## Valid-time edges

- **operator_operates_mine:** Empress Coal Company Inc → No 1 Surface; 1976-11-05 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Ingram Otto → No 1 Surface; 1976-11-05 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Ingram Otto → Empress Coal Company Inc; 1976-11-05 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history