# Relationship history for MSHA mine 1401601

Current hierarchy: **Charles  Servaes → Servaes Quarry → Servaes**

- Valid-time bounds: inclusive, date granularity
- Null end: open-ended in the upstream history row; not independent proof of present control
- Transaction-time observation: 2026-10-13T11:19:05.459773+00:00

## Valid-time edges

- **operator_operates_mine:** Servaes Quarry → Servaes; 1997-08-01 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Charles  Servaes → Servaes; 1997-08-01 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Charles  Servaes → Servaes Quarry; 1997-08-01 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history