# Relationship history for MSHA mine 1401565

Current hierarchy: **William  Penny; Marlene  Penny → Penny's Aggregates, Inc.. → Penny's Aggregates, Inc.**

- Valid-time bounds: inclusive, date granularity
- Null end: open-ended in the upstream history row; not independent proof of present control
- Transaction-time observation: 2026-10-13T11:19:05.459773+00:00

## Valid-time edges

- **controller_controls_mine:** William  Penny et al → Penny's Aggregates, Inc.; 1988-10-01 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Penny's Concrete, Inc. → Penny's Aggregates, Inc.; 1992-03-01 to 2012-01-20; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** William  Penny et al → Penny's Concrete, Inc.; 1992-03-01 to 2012-01-20; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Marlene  Penny et al → Penny's Concrete, Inc.; 1992-03-01 to 2012-01-20; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Marlene  Penny et al → Penny's Aggregates, Inc.; 2011-07-01 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Penny's Aggregates, Inc.. → Penny's Aggregates, Inc.; 2012-01-21 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Marlene  Penny et al → Penny's Aggregates, Inc..; 2012-01-21 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** William  Penny et al → Penny's Aggregates, Inc..; 2012-01-21 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history