# Relationship history for MSHA mine 1102608

Current hierarchy: **Covia Holdings LLC → Unimin Specialty Minerals Inc → Moad**

- Valid-time bounds: inclusive, date granularity
- Null end: open-ended in the upstream history row; not independent proof of present control
- Transaction-time observation: 2026-10-17T05:35:58.500035+00:00

## Valid-time edges

- **operator_operates_mine:** Illinois Minerals Company → Moad; 1950-01-01 to 1983-03-22; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** J K  Davis → Moad; 1950-01-01 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** J K  Davis → Illinois Minerals Company; 1950-01-01 to 1983-03-22; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Illinois Minerals Company → Moad; 1983-03-23 to 1989-10-10; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Asea Brown Boveri Ltd (ABB) → Moad; 1983-03-23 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Asea Brown Boveri Ltd (ABB) → Illinois Minerals Company; 1983-03-23 to 1989-10-10; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** S C R-Sibelco Nv et al → Moad; 1986-06-30 to 2020-12-31; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Unimin Specialty Minerals Inc → Moad; 1989-10-11 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** S C R-Sibelco Nv et al → Unimin Specialty Minerals Inc; 1989-10-11 to 2020-12-31; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Covia Holdings LLC → Moad; 2021-01-01 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Covia Holdings LLC → Unimin Specialty Minerals Inc; 2021-01-01 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history