# Relationship history for MSHA mine 0900998

Current hierarchy: **Charles A  Parker → River Sand Inc → APPLE VALLEY**

- Valid-time bounds: inclusive, date granularity
- Null end: open-ended in the upstream history row; not independent proof of present control
- Transaction-time observation: 2026-10-13T11:19:05.459773+00:00

## Valid-time edges

- **operator_operates_mine:** Associated Sand & Minerals → APPLE VALLEY; 1987-03-01 to 1994-02-21; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Carl E  Bowers → APPLE VALLEY; 1987-03-01 to 1994-02-21; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Carl E  Bowers → Associated Sand & Minerals; 1987-03-01 to 1994-02-21; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** River Sand Inc → APPLE VALLEY; 1994-02-22 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Charles A  Parker → APPLE VALLEY; 1994-02-22 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Charles A  Parker → River Sand Inc; 1994-02-22 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history