# Relationship history for MSHA mine 0503295

Current hierarchy: **Pioneer Natural Resources USA Incorporated → Pioneer Sands LLC → Colorado Springs Operation**

- Valid-time bounds: inclusive, date granularity
- Null end: open-ended in the upstream history row; not independent proof of present control
- Transaction-time observation: 2026-10-17T05:35:58.500035+00:00

## Valid-time edges

- **controller_controls_mine:** Oglebay Norton Company → Colorado Springs Operation; 1950-01-01 to 2008-02-12; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Cardium Service & Supply Ltd → Colorado Springs Operation; 1978-03-09 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Colorado Silica Sand Inc → Colorado Springs Operation; 1979-01-01 to 1998-02-28; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Cardium Service & Supply Ltd → Colorado Silica Sand Inc; 1979-01-01 to 1998-02-28; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Pioneer Sands LLC → Colorado Springs Operation; 1998-03-01 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Oglebay Norton Company → Pioneer Sands LLC; 1998-03-01 to 2008-02-12; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Carmeuse Holding SA → Colorado Springs Operation; 2008-02-13 to 2012-04-01; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Carmeuse Holding SA → Pioneer Sands LLC; 2008-02-13 to 2012-04-01; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Pioneer Natural Resources USA Incorporated → Colorado Springs Operation; 2012-04-02 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Pioneer Natural Resources USA Incorporated → Pioneer Sands LLC; 2012-04-02 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history