# Relationship history for MSHA mine 0102578

Current hierarchy: **Powell Joe E → Pickens Coal Inc → Piney Ridge**

- Valid-time bounds: inclusive, date granularity
- Null end: open-ended in the upstream history row; not independent proof of present control
- Transaction-time observation: 2026-10-13T11:19:05.459773+00:00

## Valid-time edges

- **controller_controls_mine:** Daryn  Bookout → Piney Ridge; 1977-08-01 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_mine:** Powell Joe E → Piney Ridge; 1983-07-01 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Bookout Construction & Mining Corp → Piney Ridge; 1984-04-01 to 1986-11-19; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Daryn  Bookout → Bookout Construction & Mining Corp; 1984-04-01 to 1986-11-19; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **operator_operates_mine:** Pickens Coal Inc → Piney Ridge; 1986-11-20 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history
- **controller_controls_operator:** Powell Joe E → Pickens Coal Inc; 1986-11-20 to current/open; source msha-controller-operator-history